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anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | parasympathetic stimulation commonly results in these effects: | constriction of the pupils and a decrease in heart and respiratory rate, as well as improved digestion |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | what are the two sites for arterial baroreceptors? | carotid sinus and aortic arch |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | inotropic effect | has to do with the strength of cardiac contraction |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | dromotropic effect | has to do with the speed of electrical conduction in the heart |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | chronotropic effect | has to do with the rate at which the heart contracts (heart rate) |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | contraction of the lining of the bladder and relaxation of sphincters is a ______________ response. | parasympathetic |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | relaxation of the lining of the bladder and contraction of sphincters is a ______________ response. | sympathetic |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | describe the parasympathetic effect on the reproductive system. | increased blood flow to the vagina or penis and contraction of smooth muscle to assist orgasm and ejaculation. |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | describe the sympathetic effect on the reproductive system | decrease in vaginal secretions and relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles, which makes orgasm and ejaculation more challenging. |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | the "fight-or-flight" response is related to which division of the autonomic nervous system? | sympathetic |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | the "rest and digest" response is related to which division of the autonomic nervous system? | parasympathetic |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | _______ is a hormone and the primary neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system. | norepinephrine |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | _______ is the primary neurotransmitter of parasympathetic innervated tissues. | acetylcholine |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | autonomic dysfunction | also known as dysautonomia; refers to damage to nerves within the ans and malfunction of normal processes within this system. |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | primary dysautonomia | occurs when autonomic dysfunction is the main disease process. |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | secondary dysautonomia | occurs when autonomic dysfunction is a consequence of another disease process. |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | idiopathic dysautonomia | occurs when there is no known disease process. |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | nerve cells that act as “messengers” by sending and receiving information throughout the body. | neurons |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | axon | this is a long fiber that extends from the cell body of a neuron. it is responsible for electrical impulses that leave the neuron. |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | dendrites | branch-like structures that extend from the cell body of the neuron. they receive information from other neurons. |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | a protective covering around the axon of each neuron. | myelin sheath |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | also understood as the outermost layer of schwann cells. these cells are responsible for the production of the myelin sheath. | neurilemma |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | immune cells for the cns. they assist in the destruction and removal of harmful microorganisms. | microglia |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | astrocytes | specialized cells in the nervous system; the most abundant glial cells in the cns |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | primary glial cells in the pns | schwann cells |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | provide support for neurons and can be found in the cns and pns | neuroglia |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | sensory neurons | found in the pns, also known as afferent neurons, they respond to sensory information inside and outside of the body, then relay that information to the cns. |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | motor neurons | found in the cns, also known as efferent neurons, they send information from the brain and spinal cord to skeletal and smooth muscle cells. |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | these are found in the cns, and act as the “go-between” for information that is relayed to and from sensory and motor neurons; also play a role in coordination. | interneurons |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | commissural fibers | connect the right and left hemispheres of the brain. |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | association fibers | connect brain regions that are within the same hemisphere. |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | projection fibers | connect the brainstem and spine to the cerebral cortex. these fibers are responsible for “projecting” motor and sensory signals between the cns and pns. |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | what is the name, responsibility, and function of cranial nerve 1 (i)? | olfactory; sensory; responsible for smell |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | what is the name, responsibility, and function of cranial nerve 2 (ii)? | optic; sensory; responsible for vision |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | what is the name and number of the cranial nerves that aid in eye movement? | cranial nerve 3 (iii)- oculomotor
cranial nerve 4 (iv)- trochlear
cranial nerve 6 (vi)- abducens |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | which of the cranial nerves have both sensory and motor function? | cranial nerve 5 (v)- trigeminal
cranial nerve 7 (vii)- facial
cranial nerve 9 (ix)- glossopharyngeal
cranial nerve 10 (x)- vagus |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | what is the name, responsibility, and function of cranial nerve 12 (xii)? | hypoglossal; motor; responsible for tongue movement |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | what is the name, responsibility, and function of cranial nerve 8 (viii)? | vestibulocochlear; sensory; responsible for hearing and balance |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | what is the name, responsibility, and function of cranial nerve 11 (xi)? | accessory; motor; responsible for head movement and shoulder shrugging |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | afferent neurons are ______ neurons that carry information _______ the brain. | sensory, towards |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | efferent neurons are _______ neurons that carry information ______ the brain. | motor, away |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | which two of the cranial nerves originate from the cerebrum? | cranial nerves 1 (i) and 2 (ii) |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | abp | arterial blood pressure |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | acls | advanced cardiac life support |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | aed | automated external defibrillator |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | afib | atrial fibrillation |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | aivr | accelerated idioventricular rhythm |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | ami | acute myocardial infarction |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | ang | angiogram |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | ao | aorta |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | ar | aortic regurgitation |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | as | aortic stenosis |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | ascvd | anterio-sclerotic heart disease |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | av | antrio-ventricular |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | avb | antrio-ventricular block |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | avd | aortic valve disease |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | avr | aortic valve replacement |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | avs | arteriovenous shunt |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | bbb | bundle branch block |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | bls | basic life support |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | bp | blood pressure |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | bpd | blood pressure diastolic |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | bpm | beats per minute |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | bps | blood pressure systolic |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | ca | cardiac arrest |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | cabg | coronary artery bypass graft |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | cabs | coronary artery bypass surgery |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | cad | coronary artery disease |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | cea | carotid endarterectomy |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | chb | complete heart block |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | chd | congenital heart disease, coronary heart disease |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | chf | congestive heart failure |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | co | cardiac output |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | coa | coarctation of the aorta |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | cp | chest pain |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | cpa | cardiopulmonary arrest |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | cpr | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | cv | cardiovascular |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | cvp | central venous pressure |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | cvs | cardiovascular system |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | dnr | do not resuscitate |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | dvt | deep vein thrombosis |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | ecc | emergency cardiac care |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | ekg | electrocardiogram |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | echo | echocardiography |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | ef | ejection fraction |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | eps | electrophysiologic study |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | ett | exercise tolerance test |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | hbp | high blood pressure |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | hcm | hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | hcvd | hypertensive cardiovascular disease |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | hf | heart failure |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | hr | heart rate |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | htn | hypertension |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | iabp | intra-aortic balloon pump |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | icd | implantable cardiac defibrillator |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | ish | isolated systolic hypertension |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | iv | intravenous |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | ivf | intravenous fluid |
anatomy.json | knowledge | anatomy | jvp | jugular venous pulse |
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